北极科学考察法律制度探析          下载免费PDF全文

卢芳华 《极地研究》2016,28(4):523-531

北极在气候、资源、航道、科考等诸多领域对我国有着重要的现实和潜在价值,科考活动在资源争夺上的工具价值更是独一无二,同时,科考作为低敏感领域的活动也最容易开展合作。《联合国海洋法公约》和《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》是目前北极科考活动主要的法律规范。作为发展中大国,中国既有对北极科考的法律依据又有雄厚的科研实力。北极科考活动的拓展关涉中国在北极航道、渔业、投资等领域重要的国家利益,也有利于我国未来在北极事务中占有一席之地。因此,我国应进一步加大北极科考活动力度,参与北极科考活动法律规范的制定,进而提升我国在北极事务中的参与权和发言权。  相似文献   

Spaces of enclosure   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Alex Vasudevan  Colin McFarlane  Alex Jeffrey   《Geoforum》2008,39(5):1641-1646

Building on recent critical scholarship by authors including Retort [Retort, 2005. Afflicted Powers: Capital and Spectacle in a New Age of War. Verso, London] and Ferguson [Ferguson, J., 2006. Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Duke University Press, Durham, NC], this critical review will explore the inter-articulation of neoliberal norms and a resurgent and violent form of geo-politics through the rubric of ‘enclosure’. We believe that ‘enclosure’ serves as an appropriately flexible concept that speaks not only to the vagaries of primitive accumulation but also to the recent recrudescence of an aggrandized mode of statist violence. We argue that enclosure operates contingently, provisionally, and violently across a range of scales, sites, and networks and sketch four preliminary axes of investigation: subjectification, legal violence, the colonial present, and the politics of representation. The review goes on to suggest a set of markers through which to widen the conceptual and political purchase of enclosure through the geoeconomic, geopolitical and biopolitical, and highlights distinct spatial formations, modes of subjectification, and technologies of power through which enclosure variously operates.  相似文献   

Reproductive and recruitment traits as indicators of the invasive potential of Kalanchoe daigremontiana (Crassulaceae) and Stapelia gigantea (Apocynaceae) in a Neotropical arid zone     

I. Herrera  J.M. Nassar   《Journal of Arid Environments》2009,73(11):978-986

Populations of two ornamental exotic species, Kalanchoe daigremontiana and Stapelia gigantea, have been recently detected inside a protected area containing arid ecosystems in Venezuela. We indirectly tested their invasive potential by characterizing their reproductive biology and recruitment patterns and comparing our estimates against Baker's Law and reproductive profiles reported for invasive plants. K. daigremontiana is autogamous, produces >16,000 seeds per plant and also reproduces clonally. Despite low seed viability (17.9%) and germination rates (11.9%), seeds were present in the seed bank. Plantlets of asexual origin showed high survival (75–100%) compared to seedlings of sexual origin (10%). S. gigantea is self-incompatible, xenogamous and produces close to 1500 seeds per m² of plant tissue. Seed viability (77%) and germination rates (62%) were high, but this species is not represented in the seed bank. It has a vegetative growth. A combination of reproductive and recruitment attributes, which match those considered in Baker's Law and others reported for invasive plants, confer K. daigremontiana and S. gigantea the potential to invade Neotropical arid zones; the former mainly through selfing and production of numerous asexual plantlets, and the latter through an association with a locally abundant pollinator and production of wind dispersed seeds.  相似文献   

中国与海洋邻国间海域划界问题的研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

张耀光  韩增林  安筱鹏 《地理科学》2000,20(6):494-502

根据我国的领海制度,中国专属经济区与大陆架法以及联合国海洋法公约的有关内容,研究划分我国与海洋邻国之间的海域管辖范围,从而维护我国的海洋权益。  相似文献   

Scale‐dependent Poiseuille flow alternatively explains enhanced dispersion in geothermal environments     

Lizhi Zheng  Lichun Wang 《水文研究》2019,33(4):527-534

Fluid flow exerts a critical impact on the convection of thermal energy in geological media, whereas heat transport in turn affects fluid properties, including fluid dynamic viscosity and density. The interplay of flow and heat transport also affects solute transport. To unravel these complex coupled flow, heat, and solute transport processes, here, we present a theory for the idealized scale‐dependent Poiseuille flow model considering a constant temperature gradient (?T) along a single fracture, where fluid dynamic viscosity connects with temperature via an exponential function. The idealized scale‐dependent model is validated based on the solutions from direct numerical simulations. We find that the hydraulic conductivity (K) of the Poiseuille flow either increases or decreases with scales depending on ?T > 0°C/m or ?T < 0°C/m, respectively. Indeed, the degree of changes in K depends on the magnitude of ?T and fracture length. The scale‐dependent model provides an alternative explanation for the well‐known scale‐dependent transport problem, for example, the dispersion coefficient increases with travel distance when ?T > 0°C/m according to the Taylor dispersion theory, because K (or equivalently flux through fractures) scales with fracture length. The proposed theory unravels intertwined interactions between flow and transport processes, which might shed light on understanding many practical geophysical problems, for example, geothermal energy exploration.  相似文献   

Obituary     

《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(4):315-322

Abstract

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In the area of volunteered geographical information (VGI), the issue of spatial data quality is a clear challenge. The data that are contributed to VGI projects do not comply with standard spatial data quality assurance procedures, and the contributors operate without central coordination and strict data collection frameworks. However, similar to the area of open source software development, it is suggested that the data hold an intrinsic quality assurance measure through the analysis of the number of contributors who have worked on a given spatial unit. The assumption that as the number of contributors increases so does the quality is known as ‘Linus’ Law’ within the open source community. This paper describes three studies that were carried out to evaluate this hypothesis for VGI using the OpenStreetMap dataset, showing that this rule indeed applies in the case of positional accuracy.  相似文献   

2013年全球矿业政策与管理形势回顾     

孙春强等 《国土资源情报》2014,(2):18-23

2013年,全球矿业经济继续下行,但全球矿业政策和管理的改革仍按既定方向和节奏进行.近30个国家计划通过、正在通过或已经通过修改矿法,对本国的矿业投资环境进行调整.非传统矿业国也借助矿产资源的新发现,完善矿产资源管理制度,希望推动经济新的发展.许多国家为增加本国的矿产资源收益,纷纷提高资源税费.在放宽外资投资矿业的准入条件的同时,对矿产开采可能造成的环境影响也更加重视.  相似文献   

论测绘成果的法律保护     

忻峰  忻伟达 《地理信息世界》2000,(1)

从测绘成果性质出发，阐述了我国目前对测绘成果的保护情况，论述了测绘成果的双重属性，提出了对测绘成果法律保护的方法，并对完善现行测绘成果法律保护提出了个人观点。  相似文献   

A review of the National Groundwater Monitoring Network in Korea     

Jin‐Yong Lee  Myeong‐Jae Yi  Young‐Kwon Yoo  Kyung‐Hwan Ahn  Gyoo‐Bum Kim  Jong‐Ho Won 《水文研究》2007,21(7):907-919

The drastic expansion of cities and the rapid economic growth in Korea have caused dramatic increases to demand from groundwater supplies for drinking, domestic, agricultural and industrial water usage. The Ministry of Construction and Transportation and the Korea Water Resources Corporation have constructed and operated the National Groundwater Monitoring Network (NGMN) throughout the country since 1995. The NGMN, an official project establishing a total of 320 groundwater monitoring stations, was completed in 2005. Each national groundwater monitoring station serves as a baseline and primary station to monitor long‐term general trends in water‐level fluctuations and in groundwater quality. The present NGMN and its monitoring capabilities were evaluated to enhance the efficiency of groundwater monitoring and to meet the new societal conditions. Based on reviews and evaluations, some suggestions and recommendations are made with regard to improvements of the national network, including the installation of rainfall gauges in groundwater monitoring stations, gathering groundwater data every hour instead of every 6 h as at present, involving major cations and anions in the regular and periodic chemical analyses, regular periodic analyses of collected groundwater data, and construction of 199 additional groundwater monitoring stations to supplement the existing groundwater monitoring network. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

IOC data and information exchange: Implications of the Law of the Sea Convention     

Edward Miles 《Marine Policy》1983,7(2):75-89

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